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Following the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, the number of hereditary peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords was reduced to ninety-two. Ninety of the first ninety-two were elected by all the hereditary peers before the passing of the reform. Since November 2002, by-elections have been held to fill vacancies left by deaths of those peers. Since the passing of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, by-elections have also been held to fill vacancies left by the resignation of those peers. Before the passing of the 1999 Act, the Lords approved a Standing Order stating that the remaining hereditary peers shall consist of:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hansard, Vol 604 No 126 Cols 1290-1292 )〕 * 2 peers to be elected by the Labour hereditary peers * 42 peers to be elected by the Conservative hereditary peers * 3 peers to be elected by the Liberal Democrat hereditary peers * 28 peers to be elected by the Crossbench hereditary peers * 15 peers to be elected by the whole House * The holders of the offices of Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain to be ex officio members Elections must be held within three months of a vacancy occurring〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=By-Elections in the House of Lords )〕 and take place under the Alternative Vote system.〔http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/holnotice20100601.pdf〕 All those on the Register of Hereditary Peers are eligible to stand, but only sitting (the "excepted") hereditary peers may vote (which can result in very small electorates, such as three voters in the 2003 election of Lord Grantchester).〔http://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2009/07/by-election-in-the-house-of-lords/〕〔http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld201011/ldelect/2/2.pdf〕 ==Current Composition== , the current party affiliation of the hereditary peers is:〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Lords by party and gender )〕 *''The two ex officio members, the Duke of Norfolk and the Marquess of Cholmondeley, are currently on leave of absence.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「By-elections to the House of Lords」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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